Leprosy inflammatory episodes [type 1 (T1R) and type 2 (T2R) reactions] represent the major cause of irreversible nerve damage. Leprosy serology is known to be influenced by the patient’s bacterial index (BI) with higher positivity in multibacillary patients (MB) and specific multidrug therapy (MDT) reduces antibody production. This study evaluated by ELISA antibody responses to leprosy Infectious Disease Research Institute diagnostic-1 (LID-1) fusion protein and phenolic glycolipid I (PGL-I) in 100 paired serum samples of 50 MB patients collected in the presence/absence of reactions and in nonreactional patients before/after MDT. Patients who presented T2R had a median BI of 3+, while MB patients with T1R and nonreactional patients had median BI of 2.5+ (p > 0.05). Anti-LID-1 and anti-PGL-I antibodies declined in patients diagnosed during T1R (p < 0.05). Anti-LID-1 levels waned in MB with T2R at diagnosis and nonreactional MB patients (p < 0.05). Higher anti-LID-1 levels were seen in patients with T2R at diagnosis (vs. patients with T1R at diagnosis, p = 0.008; vs. nonreactional patients, p = 0.020) and in patients with T2R during MDT (vs. nonreactional MB, p = 0.020). In MB patients, high and persistent anti-LID-1 antibody levels might be a useful tool for clinicians to predict which patients are more susceptible to develop leprosy T2R.

O eritema nodoso hansênico é evento inflamatório agudo no curso crônico da hanseníase. É considerado evento de base imunológica e importante causa de morbidade e incapacidade física. Avaliou-se o perfil clínico, sorológico e histopatológico de 58 pacientes com eritema nodoso hansênico recrutados sequencialmente entre julho-dezembro de 2000, em área urbana hiperendêmica do Brasil Central (Estado de Goiás). A metade dos pacientes apresentava quadro reacional grave, e em 66% dos casos o primeiro episódio reacional ocorreu durante tratamento específico. A maioria dos casos com eritema nodoso hansênico e dos controles apresentaram reatividade para IgM anti-PGL I. Os achados histopatológicos mais freqüentes no eritema nodoso hansênico foram infiltrado neutrofílico, paniculite, vasculite e agressão neural. Dos pacientes com eritema nodoso hansênico, 96% usaram corticosteróide sistêmico no primeiro episódio. Os casos de eritema nodoso hansênico estavam associados à neurite e raramente usaram talidomida como medicação isolada nos serviços de saúde.

Erythema nodosum leprosum is an acute inflammatory event in the chronic course of leprosy. It is considered an immunological disorder and an important cause of morbidity and disability. We evaluate the clinical profile, serology and histhopathology 58 erythema nodosum leprosum patients sequentially recruited, from July- December 2000, in an endemic area in Central Brazil (Goiás State). Half of the reactins were considered severe and 66% of the cases had the first episode of reaction during specific treatment. The majority of patients and controls were positive to anti-PGL-I IgM. The more frequent histopathological findings in erythema nodosum leprosum were presence of intracellular acid-fast bacilli, perivascular/peradnexial mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate, and neural aggression. Ninity six percent of the patients were treated with systemic steroid in the first episode. The results point out to the association between ENL and neuritis and the rare adoption of thalidomide as a solely medication in the health services.

The goal of this study was to investigate the pattern of inflammatory response induced by Lagochilascaris minor in murine experimental model. For this purpose 115 mice were given 1000-3000 L. minor infective eggs "per os" and 51 uninfected mice were considered as controls. Four hours post-inoculation (PI), 3rd stage larvae were seen passing through the mucosa of terminal ends of small intestine. Six hours PI larvae were observed as an embolus inside the portal vein and also migrating through the liver parenchyma. During the first 24 h larvae-containing eggs of L. minor were observed in the lumen of intestinal tract. Two days PI larvae were seen migrating through lung parenchyma associated with an initial neutrophilic perivasculitis. From the 13th day of this experimental study, L. minor larvae were found mainly in skeletal muscles, in the center of granulomas. Concentric fibrosis with mixed inflammatory infiltrate involved the larvae after the 47th day PI, persistently. This experimental murine study with L. minor indicated that the 3rd stage larvae penetrated via ileum-cecal mucosa reaching the liver and probably other tissues through the hematogenic via. Throughout its pathway the larvae induced a granulomatous reaction, with abundant polimorphonuclear cells.